Solidarity under duress: Defending state vigilantism

Abstract May European Union (EU) member states, in the pursuit of enforcing norms ‘EU justice’, unilaterally adopt harmful policies that are ordinarily impermissible course voluntary cooperation amongst democratic states? Though conditions permissible vigilantism strict and only rarely met, there some basic EU duties compliance with which each individual state is permitted to enforce unilaterally. Such measures sometimes even if community law says otherwise: extent prevents states from these duties, it lacks authority.